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Banda Oriental, or more fully Banda Oriental del Uruguay (Eastern Bank〔(Dictionary of the Real Academia Española, "banda": Lado de algunas cosas. ) ''De la banda de acá del río, de la banda de allá del monte''〕 (the River Uruguay )), was the name of the South American territories east of the Uruguay River and north of Río de la Plata, comprising the modern nation of Uruguay, the modern Brazilian State of Rio Grande do Sul and some parts of Santa Catarina. It was the easternmost territory of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata. After decades of disputes over these territories, the 1777 First Treaty of San Ildefonso settled the division between the Spanish Empire and the Portuguese Empire: the southern part was to be held by the Spanish Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata and the northern territories by the Portuguese ''Capitania de São Pedro do Rio Grande do Sul'' ((英語:Captaincy of Saint Peter of the Southern Río Grande)). The Banda Oriental was not a separate administrative unit until the ''de facto'' creation of the Provincia Oriental ((英語:Oriental Province)) by José Gervasio Artigas in 1813 and the subsequent decree of the Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata of 7 March 1814, which formally established the ''Gobernación Intendencia Oriental del Río de la Plata'' ((英語:Governorship-Intendency East of the Río de la Plata)), making it a constituent part of the United Provinces of South America. ==The indigenous tribes and the 16th century== Before the arrival of the Spanish and the Portuguese, several tribes of indigenous people were living in this area as nomads. The principal ones were the Charrúas, the Chanás, the Guayanas and the Guaraníes. Juan Díaz de Solís discovered this territory in 1516. During the conquest of the Río de la Plata area by the "Adelantados" (1535–1590), the main concern was to reach the interior in search of precious metals, so this region remained mostly ignored.〔(Instituto Artiguista - Banda Oriental )〕 The first ephemeral Spanish attempts to start populated centres in this territory happened between 1527 and 1577. These were the ''Fortín de San Lázaro'' (actual Carmelo) and the ''Puerto de San Salvador'' (1527–1530) by Sebastián Gaboto, the ''Real de San Juan'' (1542–1553) and the ''Real de San Gabriel y Ciudad de San Salvador'' (1573–1577) by Juan Ortiz de Zárate. In 1542 the Crown of Castile established the Viceroyalty of Peru, a colonial administrative district that originally contained most of Spanish-ruled South America, governed from the capital of Lima. The Banda Oriental was therefore officially under the administration of the Viceroyalty of Peru from 1542 up to 1776. Although the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) limited the Portuguese colonies to the east of the 46th meridian, in practice, the Portuguese were free to advance in most of the territory that was not colonized by the Spanish, which included most of the Banda Oriental. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Banda Oriental」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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